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1 Paxton, Sir Joseph
[br]b. 3 August 1801 Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire, Englandd. 8 June 1865 Sydenham, London, England[br]English designer of the Crystal Palace, the first large-scale prefabricated ferrovitreous structure.[br]The son of a farmer, he had worked in gardens since boyhood and at the age of 21 was employed as Undergardener at the Horticultural Society Gardens in Chiswick, from where he went on to become Head Gardener for the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth. It was there that he developed his methods of glasshouse construction, culminating in the Great Conservatory of 1836–40, an immense structure some 277 ft (84.4 m) long, 123 ft (37.5 m) wide and 67 ft (20.4 m) high. Its framework was of iron and its roof of glass, with wood to contain the glass panels; it is now demolished. Paxton went on to landscape garden design, fountain and waterway engineering, the laying out of the model village of Edensor, and to play a part in railway and country house projects.The structure that made Paxton a household name was erected in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851 and was aptly dubbed, by Punch, the Crystal Palace. The idea of holding an international exhibition for industry had been mooted in 1849 and was backed by Prince Albert and Henry Cole. The money for this was to be raised by public subscription and 245 designs were entered into a competition held in 1850; however, most of the concepts, received from many notable architects and engineers, were very costly and unsuitable, and none were accepted. That same year, Paxton published his scheme in the Illustrated London News and it was approved after it received over-whelming public support.Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed and erected in association with the engineers Fox and Henderson, was a prefabricated glasshouse of vast dimensions: it was 1,848 ft (563.3 m) long, 408 ft (124.4 m) wide and over 100 ft (30.5 m) high. It contained 3,300 iron columns, 2,150 girders. 24 miles (39 km) of guttering, 600,000 ft3 (17,000 m3) of timber and 900,000 ft2 (84,000 m) of sheet glass made by Chance Bros, of Birmingham. One of the chief reasons why it was accepted by the Royal Commission Committee was that it fulfilled the competition proviso that it should be capable of being erected quickly and subsequently dismantled and re-erected elsewhere. The Crystal Palace was to be erected at a cost of £79,800, much less than the other designs. Building began on 30 July 1850, with a labour force of some 2,000, and was completed on 31 March 1851. It was a landmark in construction at the time, for its size, speed of construction and its non-eclectic design, and, most of all, as the first great prefabricated building: parts were standardized and made in quantity, and were assembled on site. The exhibition was opened by Queen Victoria on 1 May 1851 and had received six million visitors when it closed on 11 October. The building was dismantled in 1852 and reassembled, with variations in design, at Sydenham in south London, where it remained until its spectacular conflagration in 1936.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851. MP for Coventry 1854–65. Fellow Linnaean Society 1853; Horticultural Society 1826. Order of St Vladimir, Russia, 1844.Further ReadingP.Beaver, 1986, The Crystal Palace: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise, Phillimore. George F.Chadwick, 1961, Works of Sir Joseph Paxton 1803–1865, Architectural Press.DY -
2 Joseph Paxton
m.Joseph Paxton, Sir Joseph Paxton. -
3 Paxton
m.Paxton, Sir Joseph Paxton. -
4 Civil engineering
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5 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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6 Brodrick, Cuthbert
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1822 Hull, Yorkshire, Englandd. 2 March 1905 Jersey, C.I.[br]English architect whose best-known buildings—Leeds Town Hall (1853–8) and the Grand Hotel in Scarborough (1863–7)—were of powerful baroque design.[br]Like a number of his contemporaries, Brodrick experimented with ferrovitreous construction, which by the second half of the nineteenth century was the favoured method of handling immense roofing spans of structures such as railway stations, shopping arcades and large exhibition and functional halls in England and America. The pattern for this had been set in 1851 with Sir Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London.Brodrick's ferrovitreous venture was the Leeds Corn Exchange (1861–3). This is an oval building with its exterior severely rusticated in fifteenth-century Florentine-palace manner, but inside is a two-storeyed ring of offices, bounded by ironwork galleries surrounding a large, central area roofed by an iron and glass roof. This listed building was recently in poor condition but has now been rescued and restored for use as a shopping centre; however, the local traders still retain their right, according to the bye-laws, to trade there, and once a week a section of the hall is cleared so that corn trading can take place.[br]Further ReadingD.Lindstrom, 1967, Architecture of Cuthbert Brodrick, Country Life.—1978, West Yorkshire: Architects and Architecture, Lund Humphries.DY
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Paxton, Sir Joseph — ▪ British architect and botanist born Aug. 3, 1801, near Woburn, Bedfordshire, Eng. died June 8, 1865, Sydenham, near London English landscape gardener and designer of hothouses, who was the architect of the Crystal Palace for the Great… … Universalium
PAXTON, SIR JOSEPH — architect of the Crystal Palace, born in Bedfordshire, was originally a gardener in the service of the Duke of Devonshire, and promoted to the charge of the duke s gardens at Chatsworth, where he displayed the architectural ability in the… … The Nuttall Encyclopaedia
Sir Joseph Paxton — noun English architect (1801 1865) • Syn: ↑Paxton, ↑Joseph Paxton • Instance Hypernyms: ↑architect, ↑designer … Useful english dictionary
Joseph Paxton — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Paxton. Joseph Paxton Sir Joseph Paxton (né le 3 août 1803 … Wikipédia en Français
Joseph Paxton — noun English architect (1801 1865) • Syn: ↑Paxton, ↑Sir Joseph Paxton • Instance Hypernyms: ↑architect, ↑designer … Useful english dictionary
Paxton — noun English architect (1801 1865) • Syn: ↑Joseph Paxton, ↑Sir Joseph Paxton • Instance Hypernyms: ↑architect, ↑designer … Useful english dictionary
Joseph Paxton — Sir Joseph Paxton, ca.1860 Sir Joseph Paxton (* 3. August 1803 in Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire; † 8. Juni 1865 auf Rockhill bei Sydenham) war ein innovativer englischer Botaniker, Autor, Architekt, Gese … Deutsch Wikipedia
Joseph Paxton — Sir Joseph Paxton Nacimiento … Wikipedia Español
Joseph Paxton — Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 ndash; 8 June 1865) was an English gardener and architect, best known for designing the The Crystal Palace. Early lifeurl= http://www.vam.ac.uk/images/image/40943 popup.html title= Facsimile of the First Sketch… … Wikipedia
Paxton — is an Anglo Saxon word derived from gardiner . The Paxtons: We Are One (1903) by William McClung Paxton [http://www.bngent.com/workbench/weareone.htm] ] As early as the 6th century, Anglo Saxons began crossing from the European continent and… … Wikipedia
Paxton [2] — Paxton (spr. päckst n), Sir Joseph, Landschaftsgärtner und Architekt, geb. 3. Aug. 1803 zu Milton Bryant in Bedfordshire, gest. 8. Juni 1865 auf Rockhills bei Sydenham, erhob die Besitzungen des Herzogs von Devonshire in Chatsworth zu den ersten… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
